On a visit to Nigeria in January, Tigran Gambaryan, a compliance officer for the enormous cryptocurrency trade Binance, acquired an unsettling message: The corporate had 48 hours to make a cost of roughly $150 million in crypto.
Mr. Gambaryan, a former U.S. legislation enforcement agent, understood the message as a request for a bribe from somebody within the Nigerian authorities, in keeping with 5 individuals conversant in the matter and messages reviewed by The New York Occasions. He and a bunch of his Binance colleagues had simply met with Nigerian legislators, who accused the corporate of tax violations and threatened to arrest its staff.
The Binance officers fled Nigeria in a panic. Later that month, Mr. Gambaryan wrote a three-page report describing the cost request and gave it to Binance’s legal professionals, two individuals conversant in the report stated. He additionally alerted contacts within the Nigerian authorities, the individuals stated, and recounted the incident to them.
The episode was the backdrop for a second journey to Nigeria that Mr. Gambaryan took in February. On his return, he and a colleague, Nadeem Anjarwalla, had been arrested by the Nigerian authorities, setting off a disaster at Binance.
Mr. Gambaryan has been held in Kuje jail in Nigeria’s capital, Abuja, for the final 4 weeks, after he was transferred there from a authorities compound on April 8. His case is the most recent authorized headache for Binance, which agreed to a $4.3 billion tremendous final yr to settle expenses by the U.S. authorities that it allowed legal exercise to flourish on its platform. In April, the corporate’s founder, Changpeng Zhao, was sentenced to 4 months in jail for his position in these violations.
The Nigerian authorities have charged each Binance and Mr. Gambaryan with tax evasion and cash laundering. Binance has denied that Mr. Gambaryan had any “decision-making energy” within the firm.
“The message from the Nigerian authorities is evident,” Binance’s chief government, Richard Teng, wrote in a weblog submit on Tuesday. “We should detain an harmless, mid-level worker and a former U.S. federal agent, and place him in a harmful jail to be able to management Binance.”
Zakari Mijinyawa, a spokesman for Nigeria’s nationwide safety adviser, stated in a textual content that the Nigerian authorities would make its case “on the power of the details and proof, in accordance with due course of.”
“We’re assured that Nigeria has case,” Mr. Mijinyawa stated. “Binance equally can have each alternative underneath the rule of legislation to make its case and see justice delivered.”
Within the weblog submit, Mr. Teng laid out the historical past of Binance’s engagement with Nigeria, which has develop into a scorching spot for the crypto trade. It has the second-highest fee of crypto adoption on the planet behind India, in keeping with Chainalysis, a knowledge agency.
In 2023, Nigerian monetary regulators issued a press release directing Binance to cease soliciting traders in Nigeria. Binance halted its promoting within the nation and provided to satisfy with authorities officers, Mr. Teng stated.
However tensions continued to escalate. Over current months, Nigerian officers have argued that buying and selling on Binance contributed to the collapse of the nation’s forex, the naira. And in December, a committee of the Nigerian Home of Representatives requested that Binance representatives seem for a listening to.
On Jan. 8, Mr. Gambaryan and a bunch of Binance staff met with these lawmakers. Quickly the assembly turned contentious: The lawmakers learn aloud a listing of accusations in opposition to Binance, together with tax violations. In addition they threatened to pursue an arrest warrant for Mr. Teng, the weblog submit stated.
Because the Binance staff left the assembly, Mr. Teng wrote, they had been approached by “unknown individuals” who steered that they make a cost to settle the allegations. Later, a neighborhood lawyer representing Binance spoke with somebody purporting to be an agent of the Home committee, Mr. Teng wrote.
The purported agent demanded “a major cost in cryptocurrency to be paid in secret inside 48 hours to make these points go away,” Mr. Teng wrote. The quantity was roughly $150 million, 4 individuals conversant in the matter stated.
“Our staff grew more and more involved about their security in Nigeria and instantly departed,” Mr. Teng wrote in his submit. “We, in fact, declined the cost demand through our counsel, not viewing it to be a respectable settlement provide.”
After he left Nigeria in January, Mr. Gambaryan mentioned the incident with colleagues and circulated his report describing the cost request, two individuals conversant in the matter stated.
Later that month, Mr. Gambaryan started establishing conferences with Nigerian safety and monetary crimes enforcement officers. On the time, he famous that senior leaders on the monetary crimes workplace had been keen to debate what had occurred through the Jan. 8 assembly, an individual conversant in the conversations stated.
In a textual content message final month, Dele Oyewale, a spokesman for Nigeria’s monetary crimes fee, declined to touch upon the cost solicitation. He didn’t reply to a request for touch upon Monday.
In his submit on Tuesday, Mr. Teng wrote that Binance had acquired assurances that Mr. Gambaryan could be secure if he returned to Nigeria. An organization adviser with deep native connections beneficial that Binance officers meet with the Nigerian nationwide safety adviser’s workplace, Mr. Teng wrote.
Mr. Gambaryan and Mr. Anjarwalla arrived for that assembly on Feb. 26. After a few hours of dialogue, Mr. Teng wrote, a Nigerian monetary crimes official took Mr. Gambaryan apart and instructed him that “all the things was progressing effectively.”
Then totally different Nigerian officers entered the room, demanding that Binance present granular details about its customers in Nigeria — a request the corporate was unwilling to satisfy. Mr. Gambaryan’s and Mr. Anjarwalla’s passports had been confiscated, and the 2 males had been held for 3 weeks in a safe compound. On March 22, their legal professionals acquired phrase that legal expenses had been coming.
Mr. Anjarwalla escaped the following day. He left Nigeria and has not spoken publicly since.
Mr. Gambaryan was alone within the compound. Shortly after he arrived, monetary crimes officers in Nigeria had despatched a be aware to the U.S. Embassy in Abuja, in keeping with a replica of the message seen by The Occasions.
“You will need to emphasize that Mr. Tigran is presently having a dialogue with our staff and the intent of his keep is solely for the aim of constructive dialogue,” the letter stated. “We guarantee you that the person is taking part willingly.”
Mr. Gambaryan was quickly transferred to Kuje, a infamous facility the place the Islamic State staged a jail break in 2022.
A trial was scheduled to start final Thursday, however the court docket postponed it till Might 17.
Julian E. Barnes and Glenn Thrush contributed reporting from Washington, and Sunday Isuwa from Abuja, Nigeria.
